Một thuật ngữ thường gặp khi sử dụng máy tính ở mức cơ bản
Posted: 03-10-2024, 9:03
Basic Computer Terms
Hardware (phần cứng)
- The physical parts of a computer
CPU (bộ xử lý trung tâm): Central processing unit; the brain of the computer; controls the other elements of the computer
Disk Drive (ổ đĩa): A peripheral device that reads and/or writes information on a disk
Hard Drive (đĩa cứng): A device (usually within the computer case) that reads and writes information, including the operating system, program files, and data files
Keyboard (bàn phím): A peripheral used to input data by pressing keys
Modem (mô-đem): A peripheral device used to connect one computer to another over a phone line
Monitor (màn hình): A device used to display information visually
Mouse (chuột máy tính): A peripheral device used to point to items on a monitor
NIC (cạc mạng): Network interface card; a board inserted in a computer that provides a physical connection to a network
Printer (máy in): A peripheral device that converts output from a computer into a printed image
Software (phần mềm)
- Instructions executed by a computer -
Applications (các ứng dụng): Complete, self-contained programs that perform a specific function (ie. spreadsheets, databases)
Bit (đơn vị cơ bản nhất của thông tin trên máy tính): A computer's most basic unit of information
Boot (khởi động hệ điều hành): The process of loading or initializing an operating system on a computer; usually occurs as soon as a computer is turned on
Browser (trình duyệt Web): A program used to view World Wide Web pages, such as Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer
Bug (lỗi của phần mềm): A part of a program that usually causes the computer to malfunction; often remedied in patches or updates to the program
Byte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin trên máy tính): Small unit of data storage; 8 bits; usually holds one character
Click (bấm nút chuột 1 lần): Occurs when a user presses a button on a mouse which in turn, generates a command to the computer
Database (cơ sở dữ liệu): A large structured set of data; a file that contains numerous records that contain numerous fields
Diskette (đĩa - đĩa mềm): A small flexible disk used for storing computer data
Double Click (nhấp đúp chuột): Occurs when a user presses a button on the mouse twice in quick succession; this generates a command to the computer
Download (tải về): Transferring data from another computer to your computer
Drag (rê/ kéo chuột): Occurs when a user points the mouse at an icon or folder, presses the button and without releasing the button, moves the icon or folder to another place on the computer where the button is released
Driver (trình điều khiển thiết bị): Software program that controls a piece of hardware or a peripheral
FAQ (những hỏi - đáp thường gặp): Frequently asked question; documents that answer questions common to a particular website or program
File (tập tin/ tệp): Namable unit of data storage; an element of data storage; a single sequence of bytes
Folder (thư mục): A graphical representation used to organize a collection of computer files; as in the concept of a filing cabinet (computer's hard drive) with files (folders)
Freeware (phần mềm miễn phí): Software provided at no cost to the user
Gigabyte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin - cấp tỉ): 1,073,741,824 bytes or 1,024 megabytes; generally abbreviated GB
GUI (giao diện người dùng đồ họa): Graphical user interface; uses pictures and words to represent ideas, choices, functions, etc.
Icon (biểu tượng): A small picture used to represent a file or program in a GUI interface
Internet (mạng Internet): A network of computer networks encompassing the World Wide Web, FTP, telnet, and many other protocols
IP number (địa chỉ IP): Internet protocol; a computer's unique address or number on the Internet
Kilobyte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin - cấp ngàn: thực sự là 1024 mũ 1): 1,024 bytes; usually abbreviated KB
Megabyte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin - cấp triệu: thực sự là 1024 mũ 2): 1,048,576 bytes or 1,024 kilobytes; enough storage to approximately equal a 600 page paperback book; generally abbreviated Mb
Memory (bộ nhớ): Any device that holds computer data
Menu (menu, trình đơn): A list of operations available to the user of a program
Network (mạng máy tính): A collection of computers that are connected
Peripheral (thiết bị ngoại vi): Any of a number of hardware devices connected to a CPU
RAM (bộ nhớ RAM có thể đọc, ghi): Random access memory; the type of storage that changes; when the computer is turned off, the RAM memory is erased
ROM (bộ nhớ ROM chỉ có thể đọc): Read-only memory; the type of storage that is not changed even when the computer is turned off
Scroll Bar (thanh cuộn): Allows the user to control which portion of the document is visible in the window; available either horizontally or vertically or both
Shareware (phần mềm chia sẻ): Software provided at a minimal cost to users who are on their honor to send in payment to the programmer
Spreadsheet (bảng tính kiểu giống Excel): A program arranged in rows and columns that manipulates numbers
Tool Bar (thanh công cụ): A graphical representation of program activities; a row of icons used to perform tasks in a program
URL (địa chỉ trang Web): Uniform resource locator; the address of a site on the World Wide Web; a standard way of locating objects on the Internet
Virus (vi-rút): A deliberately harmful computer program designed to create annoying glitches or destroy data
Window (cửa sổ): A screen in a software program that permits the user to view several programs at one time
Word Processor (trình soạn thảo văn bản): A program that allows the user to create primarily text documents
Nguồn: https://web.pdx.edu/~stipakb/download/P ... rTerms.htm
Xem thêm file đính kèm lấy từ Santa Monica Public Library có hình minh họa.
Hardware (phần cứng)
- The physical parts of a computer
CPU (bộ xử lý trung tâm): Central processing unit; the brain of the computer; controls the other elements of the computer
Disk Drive (ổ đĩa): A peripheral device that reads and/or writes information on a disk
Hard Drive (đĩa cứng): A device (usually within the computer case) that reads and writes information, including the operating system, program files, and data files
Keyboard (bàn phím): A peripheral used to input data by pressing keys
Modem (mô-đem): A peripheral device used to connect one computer to another over a phone line
Monitor (màn hình): A device used to display information visually
Mouse (chuột máy tính): A peripheral device used to point to items on a monitor
NIC (cạc mạng): Network interface card; a board inserted in a computer that provides a physical connection to a network
Printer (máy in): A peripheral device that converts output from a computer into a printed image
Software (phần mềm)
- Instructions executed by a computer -
Applications (các ứng dụng): Complete, self-contained programs that perform a specific function (ie. spreadsheets, databases)
Bit (đơn vị cơ bản nhất của thông tin trên máy tính): A computer's most basic unit of information
Boot (khởi động hệ điều hành): The process of loading or initializing an operating system on a computer; usually occurs as soon as a computer is turned on
Browser (trình duyệt Web): A program used to view World Wide Web pages, such as Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer
Bug (lỗi của phần mềm): A part of a program that usually causes the computer to malfunction; often remedied in patches or updates to the program
Byte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin trên máy tính): Small unit of data storage; 8 bits; usually holds one character
Click (bấm nút chuột 1 lần): Occurs when a user presses a button on a mouse which in turn, generates a command to the computer
Database (cơ sở dữ liệu): A large structured set of data; a file that contains numerous records that contain numerous fields
Diskette (đĩa - đĩa mềm): A small flexible disk used for storing computer data
Double Click (nhấp đúp chuột): Occurs when a user presses a button on the mouse twice in quick succession; this generates a command to the computer
Download (tải về): Transferring data from another computer to your computer
Drag (rê/ kéo chuột): Occurs when a user points the mouse at an icon or folder, presses the button and without releasing the button, moves the icon or folder to another place on the computer where the button is released
Driver (trình điều khiển thiết bị): Software program that controls a piece of hardware or a peripheral
FAQ (những hỏi - đáp thường gặp): Frequently asked question; documents that answer questions common to a particular website or program
File (tập tin/ tệp): Namable unit of data storage; an element of data storage; a single sequence of bytes
Folder (thư mục): A graphical representation used to organize a collection of computer files; as in the concept of a filing cabinet (computer's hard drive) with files (folders)
Freeware (phần mềm miễn phí): Software provided at no cost to the user
Gigabyte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin - cấp tỉ): 1,073,741,824 bytes or 1,024 megabytes; generally abbreviated GB
GUI (giao diện người dùng đồ họa): Graphical user interface; uses pictures and words to represent ideas, choices, functions, etc.
Icon (biểu tượng): A small picture used to represent a file or program in a GUI interface
Internet (mạng Internet): A network of computer networks encompassing the World Wide Web, FTP, telnet, and many other protocols
IP number (địa chỉ IP): Internet protocol; a computer's unique address or number on the Internet
Kilobyte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin - cấp ngàn: thực sự là 1024 mũ 1): 1,024 bytes; usually abbreviated KB
Megabyte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin - cấp triệu: thực sự là 1024 mũ 2): 1,048,576 bytes or 1,024 kilobytes; enough storage to approximately equal a 600 page paperback book; generally abbreviated Mb
Memory (bộ nhớ): Any device that holds computer data
Menu (menu, trình đơn): A list of operations available to the user of a program
Network (mạng máy tính): A collection of computers that are connected
Peripheral (thiết bị ngoại vi): Any of a number of hardware devices connected to a CPU
RAM (bộ nhớ RAM có thể đọc, ghi): Random access memory; the type of storage that changes; when the computer is turned off, the RAM memory is erased
ROM (bộ nhớ ROM chỉ có thể đọc): Read-only memory; the type of storage that is not changed even when the computer is turned off
Scroll Bar (thanh cuộn): Allows the user to control which portion of the document is visible in the window; available either horizontally or vertically or both
Shareware (phần mềm chia sẻ): Software provided at a minimal cost to users who are on their honor to send in payment to the programmer
Spreadsheet (bảng tính kiểu giống Excel): A program arranged in rows and columns that manipulates numbers
Tool Bar (thanh công cụ): A graphical representation of program activities; a row of icons used to perform tasks in a program
URL (địa chỉ trang Web): Uniform resource locator; the address of a site on the World Wide Web; a standard way of locating objects on the Internet
Virus (vi-rút): A deliberately harmful computer program designed to create annoying glitches or destroy data
Window (cửa sổ): A screen in a software program that permits the user to view several programs at one time
Word Processor (trình soạn thảo văn bản): A program that allows the user to create primarily text documents
Nguồn: https://web.pdx.edu/~stipakb/download/P ... rTerms.htm
Xem thêm file đính kèm lấy từ Santa Monica Public Library có hình minh họa.