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Basic Computer Terms

Hardware (phần cứng)

- The physical parts of a computer

CPU (bộ xử lý trung tâm): Central processing unit; the brain of the computer; controls the other elements of the computer

Disk Drive (ổ đĩa): A peripheral device that reads and/or writes information on a disk

Hard Drive (đĩa cứng): A device (usually within the computer case) that reads and writes information, including the operating system, program files, and data files

Keyboard (bàn phím): A peripheral used to input data by pressing keys

Modem (mô-đem): A peripheral device used to connect one computer to another over a phone line

Monitor (màn hình): A device used to display information visually

Mouse (chuột máy tính): A peripheral device used to point to items on a monitor

NIC (cạc mạng): Network interface card; a board inserted in a computer that provides a physical connection to a network

Printer (máy in): A peripheral device that converts output from a computer into a printed image

Software (phần mềm)
- Instructions executed by a computer -

Applications (các ứng dụng): Complete, self-contained programs that perform a specific function (ie. spreadsheets, databases)

Bit (đơn vị cơ bản nhất của thông tin trên máy tính): A computer's most basic unit of information

Boot (khởi động hệ điều hành): The process of loading or initializing an operating system on a computer; usually occurs as soon as a computer is turned on

Browser (trình duyệt Web): A program used to view World Wide Web pages, such as Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer

Bug (lỗi của phần mềm): A part of a program that usually causes the computer to malfunction; often remedied in patches or updates to the program

Byte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin trên máy tính): Small unit of data storage; 8 bits; usually holds one character

Click (bấm nút chuột 1 lần): Occurs when a user presses a button on a mouse which in turn, generates a command to the computer

Database (cơ sở dữ liệu): A large structured set of data; a file that contains numerous records that contain numerous fields

Diskette (đĩa - đĩa mềm): A small flexible disk used for storing computer data

Double Click (nhấp đúp chuột): Occurs when a user presses a button on the mouse twice in quick succession; this generates a command to the computer

Download (tải về): Transferring data from another computer to your computer

Drag (rê/ kéo chuột): Occurs when a user points the mouse at an icon or folder, presses the button and without releasing the button, moves the icon or folder to another place on the computer where the button is released

Driver (trình điều khiển thiết bị): Software program that controls a piece of hardware or a peripheral

FAQ (những hỏi - đáp thường gặp): Frequently asked question; documents that answer questions common to a particular website or program

File (tập tin/ tệp): Namable unit of data storage; an element of data storage; a single sequence of bytes

Folder (thư mục): A graphical representation used to organize a collection of computer files; as in the concept of a filing cabinet (computer's hard drive) with files (folders)

Freeware (phần mềm miễn phí): Software provided at no cost to the user

Gigabyte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin - cấp tỉ): 1,073,741,824 bytes or 1,024 megabytes; generally abbreviated GB

GUI (giao diện người dùng đồ họa): Graphical user interface; uses pictures and words to represent ideas, choices, functions, etc.

Icon (biểu tượng): A small picture used to represent a file or program in a GUI interface

Internet (mạng Internet): A network of computer networks encompassing the World Wide Web, FTP, telnet, and many other protocols

IP number (địa chỉ IP): Internet protocol; a computer's unique address or number on the Internet

Kilobyte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin - cấp ngàn: thực sự là 1024 mũ 1): 1,024 bytes; usually abbreviated KB

Megabyte (đơn vị lưu trữ thông tin - cấp triệu: thực sự là 1024 mũ 2): 1,048,576 bytes or 1,024 kilobytes; enough storage to approximately equal a 600 page paperback book; generally abbreviated Mb

Memory (bộ nhớ): Any device that holds computer data

Menu (menu, trình đơn): A list of operations available to the user of a program

Network (mạng máy tính): A collection of computers that are connected

Peripheral (thiết bị ngoại vi): Any of a number of hardware devices connected to a CPU

RAM (bộ nhớ RAM có thể đọc, ghi): Random access memory; the type of storage that changes; when the computer is turned off, the RAM memory is erased

ROM (bộ nhớ ROM chỉ có thể đọc): Read-only memory; the type of storage that is not changed even when the computer is turned off

Scroll Bar (thanh cuộn): Allows the user to control which portion of the document is visible in the window; available either horizontally or vertically or both

Shareware (phần mềm chia sẻ): Software provided at a minimal cost to users who are on their honor to send in payment to the programmer

Spreadsheet (bảng tính kiểu giống Excel): A program arranged in rows and columns that manipulates numbers

Tool Bar (thanh công cụ): A graphical representation of program activities; a row of icons used to perform tasks in a program

URL (địa chỉ trang Web): Uniform resource locator; the address of a site on the World Wide Web; a standard way of locating objects on the Internet

Virus (vi-rút): A deliberately harmful computer program designed to create annoying glitches or destroy data

Window (cửa sổ): A screen in a software program that permits the user to view several programs at one time

Word Processor (trình soạn thảo văn bản): A program that allows the user to create primarily text documents

Nguồn: https://web.pdx.edu/~stipakb/download/P ... rTerms.htm

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